Owner Teams: Owner teams are the teams that can own records and are assigned security roles to these teams. Users who are part of this team can access records. Also, they can access it as per their individual roles.
Access Teams: Access teams are teams that cannot be assigned security roles directly. Only the user who has access to this record can access it and this access is provided through the "Access Team Template", where individual team members exist under this template. So, the members present in this template can access it. Here, the security role concept is as per individual team members.
Example: Suppose there is any VIP record present in CRM in which only internal team members (a few set of people) can access then we can create an access team and provide the access to those members only.